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Where’s Cosimo?

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We have to take another look at the layout of the metal

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and change the screens a little.

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Ok, so we have two screens

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– one with a 12-micron opening, and one with a 15.

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We can test them.

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Let’s start with the 15, then we’ll try with the 12 –

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that way we can see how much the quality changes.

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Ok, but we need to make some cells,

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my guess is around 1000. See what you think.

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No problem.

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I’ll deal with production, I’ll get access to the machine

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and then tell you the test results.

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Perfect. Ok, let me know, bye.

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Enel is a very important company
in the energy field.

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It’s the most courageous,

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because it was probably the first to invest

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in the direct production of energy –

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that is, not buying from others but directly producing

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photovoltaic panels in-house and really understanding,

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engaging with the technology.

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We’re here on the production line to do research,

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because, as I always say:

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we’re standing on the shoulders of giants,

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so that production leads to a perfect process:

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highly controlled, on which we can
then carry out our own tests –

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that is, use new materials,
layers of specific materials,

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but starting out from the basis
of a high-functioning cell.

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Cosimo is our resident tech expert

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– he sets the goals.

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We didn’t see eye to eye at first –

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I’m a production man, I only think about

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how many panels we produce every day,

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while he always thinks ahead.

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There needs to be constant interaction
between present and future,

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we have to communicate with each other,

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because he’s the one who has the final goal in mind

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and understands the technology.

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But the best way to use technology

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and achieve our goal also depends

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on our day-to-day experience in the field.

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Efficiency has increased, but as you can see,

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it’s a little rough near the metal lines.

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Because we had abnormal consumption
of the silver paste.

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We have to change the formula
we’re using in production.

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If we can optimize it, tighten things up a bit,

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more light will get through
and we’ll increase efficiency.

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And we’ll also reduce the consumption of silver paste.

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Tomorrow I’ll have another run made.

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OK.

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Technology has changed over the years.

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It has led us to become a dynamic company

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that has had to reinvent itself internally

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and create and develop new technologies

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so that we would be at the cutting edge
of market demand.

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Today we’re developing a completely new technology,

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a flagship project for 3Sun.

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It’s a bifacial heterojunction technology

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that allows us to improve performance,

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in terms of the amount of power produced

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and stored by the solar panel,

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that’s higher than in the past.

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We were the first to come up with this technology,

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definitely in Europe but also in the world.

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We’re now ready for the next step,

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which is to build our Gigafactory.

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So we have to increase what we’re doing now 15-fold,

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because right now we have 200 megawatts,

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and we need to reach 3 gigawatts.

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As a complete technology factory –

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that is, from the solar cell 
to the photovoltaic module,

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we’re among the few such factories in Europe;
there are only two or three of us.

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We really are trailblazers, in the sense
that we’re competing against giants.

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The maximum capacity of this line is 200 megawatts:

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our competitors make gigawatts,

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which means their production
is 10-20 times bigger than ours.

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Currently, we are David.

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Asia – especially China – is Goliath.

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Now we have to make sure we protect our ideas

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so we can carry them forward,

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keep them here, develop them here,

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and use them to build large factories
here in Italy and in Europe.

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I’m a mechanical engineer,

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I’ve always been passionate
about mechanics and energy.

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My career at Enel has always been
in the plant construction division,

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building plants to produce electricity.

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Last year I was offered the chance

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to head this big Enel investment project,

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which is a very important part
of what we read about

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in the newspapers as the energy transition –

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a process that will enable us
to move away from fossil fuels

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to the production of electricity using sources

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that pollute very little or not at all.

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And this opportunity filled me with excitement.

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We’ve started with construction,

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and we’re in the most important part

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of the starting phase of our factory,

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that involves building very complex machinery;

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so we’ve moved on to the design phase.

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We’ve designed the machines,

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laid out the specifications,

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and detailed how the process will be carried out,

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even the automation and process control.

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Now we have to transform those plans into reality.

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Here we can see a large excavated area

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and two machines pouring concrete.

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The idea is that here we’ll have five lines,

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each with a capacity of 600 megawatts per year.

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Just think about what’s here now

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and what it will be like when the lines are built…

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they’ve spread it out, as you can see,

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the white surface incorporates the electro-welded grid,

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and now we’ll gradually begin to position

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the support structures for our machinery.

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We’ll already be starting with a higher efficiency

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than what we had when we shut down the line,

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because the HJT line has now been halted,

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because it has to be extended.

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But every year we plan to increase efficiency

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and then change over, around the end of 2025,

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to the revolutionary Tandem technology.

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We’ll go from 24-25%,

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we could probably even manage
to achieve 26% with HJT alone,

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to a value that exceeds 28%,

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which is the theoretical limit of silicon.

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This is thanks to the fact that silicon captures

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a specific portion of the light spectrum,
the red portion.

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Perovskite, the new layer
that will be added to the silicon,

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captures the blue portion of the light spectrum:

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so we can go beyond 28%, even beyond 30%.

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You remember surely better than me

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what it was like here before…

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It was full of machines here
…a hive of activity.

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Today, on my way into the workspace,

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I saw how empty it is now.

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For me this marks, let’s say,
the first step towards the Gigafactory.

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Of course, the volumes
will be completely different.

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At maximum capacity,

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the factory handled 1000 panels a day.

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As a gigawatt factory,

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we should be able to manage
around 15,000 panels

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for two types of different products.

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One product designed for the utility scales,

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in line with what we’re producing now,

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destined for large photovoltaic production fields

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and for the first time, a product destined
for general distribution,

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designed to be installed
on the roofs of people’s homes.

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This project poses a number of challenges.

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It will be the first factory – the first major factory,

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because we already have a factory

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that produces 200 megawatts a year –

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the new one will produce 3,000 megawatts a year.

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Enel is also tackling this first challenge
with a different set-up.

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We’ve recruited a major company
which has already been active

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on the construction site since March
with a project manager,

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project controller, safety supervisor

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and technical supervisors present on-site every day

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to keep an eye on engineering

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and the work on the construction site

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and above all, they monitor safety.

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This external team is guided by
a small internal team,

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which I lead.

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It’s made up of senior staff

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from the engineering and construction departments.

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We preside over three or four areas:

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Project Management: finance, insurance,

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procurement, reporting to funding sources, sustainability.

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Overall Engineering Management: project engineering,

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all the quality procedures
and quality of the project as a whole.

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And finally, Safety.

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It’s a motivated team, a flexible team,

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because difficulties and new issues
come up every day.

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But we’re all driven by this curiosity.

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Curiosity about the energy transition.

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We know that with every day that goes by,

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we’re getting closer to producing the first panel.

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It will be more than 5 million modules per year,

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so we have to reorganize
the whole logistics structure of the site.

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Our warehouse can no longer afford

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to receive materials only during the day –

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we have to operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

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There will be more that 100 trucks a day entering

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and exiting the facility every day,

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so we have to computerize the whole system.

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We need to develop a smart logistics system

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in order to have inventories for every movement

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of raw materials in real time,

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and we also have to figure out how to organize

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all the training of the people who will work here.

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The most important value of our project
is definitely human capital,

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and that’s why we’re investing time
to try to start selecting

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the resources necessary for this project

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and understand how each role, each person,

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will fit into the organizational
structure of the project –

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the selection of a personnel team

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that will be made up of nearly
1000 people in our factory.

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Marcello, I wanted to ask you
to explain in more detail

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how the machinery is configured,

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especially the automation part,

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because I wanted to get some ideas
for the building of the module line,

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for the input of the cells.

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We had a meeting with the suppliers
just this morning.

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In the end, after trying various alignments,

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we decided to position them in this area here.

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Marcello and I are in charge
of technology transfer at the moment

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– that is, transferring what we’ve done
in the laboratory in recent years

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with our external research centers,
to the Giga factory.

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While the current factory was running,

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our group began working
on this project in advance

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and we’re already doing work for 2025-2026,

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when we’ll convert the factory
from HJT to Tandem.

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It’s a wonderful phase –

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we’re really happy to be working on it

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because we’re taking an idea

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and we’re transforming it into a factory.

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During the Covid lockdown,

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on a spring afternoon in my garden,

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I started working on the configuration

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to initially be able to have 1.5 gigawatts
of production in this factory.

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And then after we managed to find
an optimal configuration,

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I was asked to try to increase
the capacity even more.

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Initially 2 gigawatts, until they said to me:

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Ok, let’s try and see how many gigawatts

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of production we can fit into this factory.

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Gradually, after a lot of fine-tuning,

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we arrived at the final configuration.

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We succeeded in making
the most of the available space

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to obtain an accessible and operational line

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that allowed us to include
those improvements, those innovations

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that we decided to include in this line,

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differentiating it from the previous one.

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This investment is a huge investment in Italy.

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It’s been years and years since Enel
made an investment of this magnitude,

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and of this type, in Italy:

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Enel invests in the construction of power plants
that produce electricity;

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but this is a factory that will produce panels
to produce electricity.

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It’s also a European flagship project,

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a very important attempt to build
a supply chain for this factory

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with materials that come from Europe.

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So we’re trying to make ourselves
somewhat independent

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in the production of solar panels.

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If we look at what could be called
the technology roadmap

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– that is, what is predicted to happen
in the next few years –

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we’re always among the forerunners.

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We’re already working on what was expected
to happen in the future.

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We are really proud of the machinery
that we are acquiring,

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of the interconnected system, of the automation.

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00:15:09.840 --> 00:15:14.400 align:center position:25% size:50%
We’re confident that this will lead to us
having a highly efficient factory

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that is extremely innovative and sustainable.

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00:15:34.400 --> 00:15:38.000 align:center position:25% size:50%
My day ends towards evening, around 7:00 or 8:00,

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often with a walk around the construction site.

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Because it’s also a beautiful time of day
with a special light

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that lets you see the calm after the storm of the day.

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00:15:50.040 --> 00:15:53.720 align:center position:25% size:50%
We have as many as 20-25 vehicles

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00:15:53.720 --> 00:15:56.360 align:center position:25% size:50%
moving around the site at any given time.

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00:15:56.920 --> 00:16:01.360 align:center position:25% size:50%
Seeing this peacefulness take over
the building site in the evening

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00:16:01.800 --> 00:16:06.000 align:center position:25% size:50%
I’ve accomplished a day’s work,

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00:16:06.000 --> 00:16:08.320 align:center position:25% size:50%
a day’s progress, a day that’s complete.

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00:16:08.320 --> 00:16:09.680 align:center position:25% size:50%
And that’s satisfying.

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00:16:17.000 --> 00:16:19.080 align:center position:25% size:50%
There’s a new thing that is coming to life:

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00:16:19.080 --> 00:16:21.840 align:center position:25% size:50%
there isn’t an old thing that is being closed down.

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There’s growth, but there isn’t a reduction.

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00:16:24.640 --> 00:16:27.880 align:center position:25% size:50%
There’s enthusiasm to innovate

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and to see what needs to be done next,
and that’s great.

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If we want the most wonderful thing,

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00:16:35.120 --> 00:16:40.160 align:center position:25% size:50%
which is to see that, from technology
that began life ten/twelve years ago,

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00:16:40.160 --> 00:16:42.240 align:center position:25% size:50%
another form of technology is also coming to life

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00:16:42.240 --> 00:16:45.600 align:center position:25% size:50%
and it already contains the seeds
of the technology that will come after that.

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00:16:45.600 --> 00:16:48.600 align:center position:25% size:50%
And here there’s a story that is really beginning

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00:16:49.160 --> 00:16:52.720 align:center position:25% size:50%
to be about the long-term development
of a technological supply chain

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that originates precisely from the know-how
that has been deposited in Catania.

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And so, it’s in Sicily that there is this seed
that keeps on reproducing.

NOTE
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